Functional assessment of respiratory muscles and lung capacity of CrossFit athletes.

CrossFit is a high-intensity training related to physical fitness and respiratory capacity that can promote changes in lung function. This cross-sectional study was aimed at evaluating respiratory muscle strength, electromyographic (EMG) activity, and lung capacity in CrossFit athletes. Thirty subjects aged between 25 and 35 years were divided into groups: CrossFit athletes (n=15) and sedentary individuals without comorbidities (n=15). Respiratory muscle strength was evaluated using maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, lung capacity, and EMG of the sternocleidomastoid, serratus anterior, external intercostal, and diaphragm muscles at respiratory rest, maximal inspiration and expiration, and respiratory cycle. Data were tabulated and subjected to statistical analyses (t-test and Spearman test, P<0.05). Respiratory muscle strength on EMG of the sternocleidomastoid, serratus, external intercostal, and diaphragm muscles at the respiratory cycle and maximal forced inspiration and expiration were higher in the CrossFit athletes group than in the sedentary group without comorbidities. CrossFit athlete group showed significantly strong positive correlation between maximal inspiratory and expiratory muscle strengths (Spearman rho= 0.903, P=0.000), with increasing muscle strength during inspiration favoring an increase in strength during expiration. The forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) also showed a significantly high positive correlation (Spearman rho=0.912, P=0.000) in the CrossFit athletes group, showing that higher FVC favors higher FEV1. The results of this study suggest that improved fitness is based on increased respiratory muscle strength on EMG in CrossFit athletes.

Stroke: An electromyographic approach to the masseter and temporal muscles, orofacial soft tissue pressure, and occlusal force.

Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease that triggers changes in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and can compromise human body function. This cross-sectional observational study aimed to analyze the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the masseter and temporal muscles, orofacial soft tissue pressure, and strength of occlusal contacts in patients who had suffered a stroke. Twenty-four patients were divided into two groups: stroke (n = 12) and control (n = 12). The EMG of the masseter and temporal muscles was evaluated during mandibular rest, protrusion, right laterality, left laterality, and maximal voluntary contraction. The Iowa Oral Pressure Instrument (IOPI) was used to measure pressure from the tongue, lips, and buccinator muscles. A computerized system for occlusal analysis (T-Scan III) was used to measure the occlusal contact points of the right and left hemiarches (upper and lower) and the upper and lower first molars. Data were subjected to Student's t-test (p < 0.05). The stroke group had lower normalized electromyographic activity, with a significant difference in the left temporal muscle during rest (p = 0.03) when compared to the control group. There was a significant difference between the groups in tongue pressure (p = 0.004) with a lower mean value in the stroke group. There was a significant difference between the groups in the evaluation of the occlusal contact points of the first permanent molars, with a lower mean percentage in the stroke group. The results indicate that stroke negatively affects functional performance of the stomatognathic system.

Impact of Hemorrhagic Stroke on Molar Bite Force: A Prospective Study.

Stroke is a neurological deficit of cerebrovascular origin that promotes physical impairments of adult individuals. The present study is aimed to demonstrate whether hemorrhagic stroke affects the maximum molar bite force. The prospective study carried in Centro Universitario Claretiano de Batatais, Brazil, determined the distribution of the sample into two groups: hemorrhagic stroke group (n=18, median age, 62.5 years) and disease-free group (n=18, median age, 62.0 years), with 10 men and 8 women in each group. Subjects were paired one-to-one (age and body mass index). The dynamometer was used to measure the maximum molar bite force (right and left). All analyses were performed with a significance level of 5% (Student's t-test). Differences were found on the right (p=0.048) and left (p=0.042) molar bite force, with lower bite force (both sides) in hemorrhagic stroke group. The study suggests that hemorrhagic stroke negatively affects the maximum molar bite force and necessitates changes in food intake to nutritious and softer consistency foods.

Análise dos efeitos da marcha suspensa na atividade eletromiográfica dos membros inferiores e irradiação motora aos membros superiores em lesados medulares / Analysis of the effects of body weight-supported gait training on the electromyographic activity of the lower limbs and motor irradiation to the upper limbs in spinal cord injured patients

A reabilitação na esteira com suporte parcial de peso (ESPP) nos indivíduos lesados medulares pode reproduzir de modo passivo a marcha, proporcionando-lhes a descarga de peso em membros inferiores (MMII) e a manutenção da postura ortostática. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar se, durante a marcha passiva na ESPP, existe irradiação motora de MMII aos membros superiores. Foram selecionados três indivíduos do gênero masculino, com diagnóstico de Traumatismo Raquimedular baixo (T10 e L1), classificados como ASIA A com preservação parcial de raízes nervosas. Os indivíduos foram submetidos a uma avaliação passiva da marcha na ESSP, utilizando a avaliação eletromiográfica dos músculos: bíceps braquial (BB), reto femoral (RF) e gastrocnêmio lateral (GL) bilateralmente e a uma análise estatística, incluindo testes de Shapiro-Wilk e de Levene, One way ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey HSD. Na condição clínica de repouso, observou-se menor ativação dos músculos BB bilateralmente, quando comparado aos músculos RF e GL, fato justificado pelos comprometimentos secundários advindos da lesão dos indivíduos. As condições clínicas do ciclo da marcha (CM) repetiram-se três vezes; no CM1 observou-se uma maior ativação eletromiográfica do músculo GL direito e uma menor ativação do músculo BB direito, e estatisticamente, GL direito e BB esquerdo demonstraram maior atividade média (resultados estatisticamente significantes). No CM2 o mesmo padrão de ativação do CM1 foi observado, no entanto o músculo RF direito reduziu seu limiar de ativação. No CM3 os níveis de ativação das condições anteriores mantiveram-se, no entanto, o músculo RF esquerdo apresentou aumento nos limiares de ativação eletromiográfica, quando comparado aos demais músculos. Com base nestes resultados, o músculo BB apresentou variações quantitativas na ativação eletromiográfica, determinando a presença de irradiação motora de MMII para superiores durante o CM. Em uma análise qualitativa, foi observado que durante as fases de apoio da marcha houve "picos" de ativação deste músculo. [au]

Rehabilitation on the treadmill with partial body weight support (PBWS) in individuals with spinal cord injuries can passively reproduce gait, helping them with weight bearing on the lower limbs (LL) and orthostatic posture. The objective of the study was to assess motor irradiation from the lower limbs to the upper limbs during gait training with PBWS. The participants were three male individuals diagnosed with low spinal cord injury (T10 and L1), classified as ASIA A, with partial preservation of nerve roots. Subjects were submitted to gait training with PBWS and electromyographic assessment of the muscles Biceps brachii (BB), Rectus femoris (RF) and Lateral Gastrocnemius (LG) on both sides. Statistical analysis included Shapiro-Wilk and de Levene tests, One way ANOVA test and Tukey's HSD post-hoc test. In the resting state, there was less activity of BB muscles on both sides when compared to the RF and LG, which can be explained by the secondary impairments arising from the individuals' injury. The gait cycle (GC) was repeated three times; in GC1 there was greater electromyographic activity in the right LG muscle and lower activity of the right BB muscle and, statistically, right LG and left BB showed higher mean activity (statistically significant results). In GC2, the same pattern of activity of GC1 was observed, but the right RF muscle reduced its activation threshold. In GC3, the activity levels of the previous cycles were maintained, but the left RF muscle showed an increase in the thresholds of electromyographic activation when compared to the other muscles. Based on these results, the BB muscle presented quantitative variations in electromyographic activation, demonstrating the presence of motor irradiation from LL to upper limbs during the GC. The qualitative analysis showed "peaks" of activity in this muscle mainly during the support phases of the gait training. [au]

Bite Force, Thickness, and Thermographic Patterns of Masticatory Muscles Post-Hemorrhagic Stroke.

OBJECTIVE: Stroke is a neurological deficit of cerebrovascular origin, considered a 21st-century epidemic that causes functional changes in the human body. This study aimed to evaluate the stomatognathic system of patients after hemorrhagic stroke through the bite force, thickness, and skin temperature in the region of the masseter and temporalis muscles. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four subjects were divided into groups: post-hemorrhagic stroke; with right side of the affected body (n = 12) and without the neurological disorder (n = 12). Maximum molar bite force was verified using a digital dynamometer. Muscle thickness was measured using ultrasound images obtained at rest and during maximal voluntary contraction of the masseter and temporalis muscles. Thermographic camera was used to record the thermographic patterns of the masseter and temporalis muscles. Data were subjected to Student's t-test (P < .05). RESULTS: The maximum molar bite force showed significant differences in the right (P = .04) and left (P = .03) sides, with a reduction in force in the post-hemorrhagic stroke group on the affected and unaffected sides. There was a significant difference (P < .05) in the thickness of the left temporal muscle at mandibular rest (P = .01) between groups. The post-hemorrhagic stroke group clinically presented greater muscle thickness in almost 100% of the muscles evaluated in both clinical conditions. There were no significant differences in skin temperature in the masseter and temporal muscles between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest functional changes in the stomatognathic system of subjects after a hemorrhagic stroke, especially concerning molar bite force and masticatory muscle thickness in the temporal muscle (unaffected side).

Functional analysis of lower limbs in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this research was to analyze the functional changes of lower limbs by means of surface electromyography in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. METHODS: A total of 60 men and women (age mean of 36.77 ± 9.33 years) were divided into two groups: 30 individuals with human immunodeficiency virus group (HIVG) Subtype 1 and 30 healthy individuals control group. Muscle activity was evaluated using surface electromyography (sEMG). sEMG measurements were made while the subjects assumed the static positions: Rest in orthostatism (RS), squat "normalization factor," right and left single leg support (RSLS, LSLS) and during functional activities: Right and left single leg step rise (RSLSR, LSLSR), right and left single leg step down (RSLSD, LSLSD), rising and seating on a chair (RC, SC). RESULTS: To sEMG results revealed statistically significant values in the conditions of RSLS to left semitendinosus muscle, for LSLS to right and left semitendinosus, right rectus femoris and right gluteus medius muscles, for LSLSR to right rectus femoris and right tensor fasciae latae muscles, for RSLSD to right and left semitendinosus and right rectus femoris muscles, for RC to right rectus femoris and left gluteus medius muscles and for SC to right semitendinosus, right rectus femoris and right and left gluteus medius muscles. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presented changes in lower limb muscle activity.

Benefícios do video game em pacientes com sequelas de acidente vascular cerebral / Benefits of virtual reality in patients with sequelae of stroke

Introdução: As alterações motoras são uma das principais incapacidades de indivíduos acometidos pelo AVC, de forma que as limitações físicas e psicológicas estão proporcionalmente ligadas a extensão da lesão, que compromete o nível funcional das atividades de vida diária. Objetivo: Identificar os benefícios proporcionados pelo video game em pacientes com sequelas pós Acidente Vascular Cerebral. Metodologia: Procedimento realizado em dois pacientes de ambos os gêneros com diagnóstico clínico de AVC e média de idade de 62 anos, submetidos aos testes pré de escala de equilíbrio de Berg, descarga de peso com Wii Fit, avaliação da cadência de marcha, teste de caminhada de seis minutos, teste de passo e passada. Após período de reabilitação constituído por dez sessões de treinamento específico para equilíbrio os pacientes foram reavaliados. Resultados: Verificou-se por meio de análise comparativa dos índices obtidos antes e após o processo de reabilitação que houve melhor desempenho na relação entre o equilíbrio postural e as características funcionais da marcha. Conclusão: Conclui-se, portanto, ser favorável a utilização do video game no auxílio ao tratamento fisioterapêutico, pois a proposta e os resultados produzidos nas variáveis analisadas demonstram que o console Nintendo® Wii foi eficaz no ganho de equilíbrio dos pacientes e por consequência na evolução do padrão de marcha. (AU)

Introduction: The motor disorders are a major disability of individuals affected by stroke, so that the physical and psychological limitations are proportionally linked to the extent of the injury, which compromises the functional level of activities of daily life. Objective: To identify the benefits offered by video game in patients with post stroke sequelae. Methods: Procedure performed in two patients of both genders with a clinical diagnosis of stroke, mean age 62 years, who performed the pre tests Berg Balance Scale, discharge weight with Wii Fit, evaluation of gait cadence, six-minute walk test and step test. After period prescribed rehabilitation consisting of ten sessions of training specific to balance the patients were reassessed. Results: It was found by comparative analysis of the scores obtained before and after the rehabilitation process that there was better relationship between the postural balance and functional gait characteristics. Conclusion: It is therefore concluded, that the use of virtual reality helps in the physiotherapy because the proposal and the results produced in the variables analyzed show that the Nintendo ® Wii console has been effective in improving the balance of patients and consequently the evolution of the gait. (AU)

Relação do desequilíbrio postural com incapacidade cervical em pessoas com deficiência visual / Relationship between postural imbalance and cervical disability in visually impaired individuals / Relación del desequilibrio postural e incapacidad cervical de personas con discapacidad visual

Objetivo: Identificar a relação entre o desequilíbrio postural e a incapacidade cervical em pessoas com deficiência visual. Métodos: Estudo transversal retrospectivo, realizado na Associação dos Deficientes Visuais de Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil, no período entre janeiro de 2014 e dezembro de 2014, com 26 participantes, de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 31,92 anos, apresentando deficiências visuais total ou parcial. Realizou-se a avaliação postural por meio da biofotogrametria associada ao Neck Desability Index (NDI), que identifica incapacidade cervical. Para avaliar a significância estatística de 5%, realizou-se o teste de independência de Chi-quadrado. Resultados: Na vista anterior, houve inclinação cervical à esquerda em 2,82cm. Na vista posterior, houve elevação de ombro esquerdo em relação ao direito em 9,15cm. Nas vistas laterais direita e esquerda, encontraram-se flexoextensão cervical de 2,44cm da cabeça em relação à coluna cervival e hipercifose torácica de 0,67cm. Encontrou-se diferença do alinhamento escapular do lado direito em relação ao esquerdo em 5,08cm. O NDI evidenciou 33,3% com incapacidade mínima devido à dor, enquanto 66,7% não apresentam incapacidade. Conclusão: Encontraram-se alterações posturais compensatórias adotadas pelos deficientes visuais analisados na tentativa de ajustar o centro de gravidade. No entanto, essas alterações posturais não coincidem com incapacidade cervical e dor.

Objective: To identify the relationship between postural imbalance and cervical disability in visually impaired individuals. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at the Association for the Visually Impaired in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, in the period from January 2014 to December 2014, with 26 participants of both sexes, with an average age of 31.92 years, featuring complete or partial visual impairments. The postural assessment was performed by means of photogrammetry associated with the Neck Disability Index (NDI), which identifies cervical disability. To assess the statistical significance of 5%, the Chi-square test of independence was applied. Results: In the front view, there was a 2.82cm cervical inclination to the left. In the rear view, there was left shoulder elevation of 9.15cm in relation to the right one. In the right and left views, a 2.44cm cervical flexion-extension of the head against the cervical and thoracic hyperkyphosis of 0.67cm were found. There was a difference in the scapular alignment of the right side to the left in 5.08cm. The NDI showed 33.3% of the individuals with mild disability due to pain, while 66.7% had no disability. Conclusion: The study found compensatory postural changes adopted by the visually impaired in an attempt to adjust the center of gravity. However, these postural changes do not coincide with cervical disability and pain.

Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre el desequilibrio postural y la incapacidad cervical de personas con discapacidad visual. Métodos: Estudio transversal retrospectivo realizado en la Asociación de Discapacitados Visuales de Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil en el período entre enero y diciembre de 2014 con 26 participantes de ambos los sexos con edad media de 31,92 años com discapacidades visuales total o parcial. Se realizó una evaluación de la postura a través de la biofotogrametria asociada al Neck Desability Index (NDI) que identifica la incapacidad cervical. Se realizó la prueba de independencia de Chi-cuadrado para evaluar la significación estadística del 5%. Resultados: En la vista anterior se encontró la inclinación cervical para la izquierda de 2,82cm. En la vista posterior hubo elevación del hombro izquierdo sobre el derecho de 9,15cm. En las vistas laterales derecha e izquierda, se encontraron la flexión-extensión cervical de 2,44cm de la cabeza sobre la columna cervival e hipercifosis torácica de 0,67cm. Se encontró diferencia en la alineación de la escapula del lado derecho sobre el izquierdo de 5,08cm. El NDI evidenció el 33,3% con incapacidad mínima por el dolor mientras el 66,7% no presentan incapacidad. Conclusión: Se encontraron alteraciones posturales compensatorias adoptadas por los discapacitados visuales analizados con la tentativa de ajuste del centro de gravedad. Sin embargo, esas alteraciones posturales no coinciden con la incapacidad cervical y el dolor.

Stomatognathic function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a case-control study.

AIM: This study aimed to analyse electromyographic activity, masticatory efficiency, muscle thickness, and bite force of individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). METHOD: Forty males aged 4-15 years, 20 with DMD and 20 healthy age-, height-, and weight-matched controls, underwent electromyography and ultrasonography of temporalis, masseter, and sternocleidomastoid muscles during postural control of the jaw, mastication, and maximal molar bite force. RESULTS: The normalized electromyography signals showed higher activity in masseter and temporal muscles at rest, during protrusion, left and right laterality, and fatigue condition in the group with DMD than in the comparison group (p≤0.05). For masticatory efficiency of cycles, in analysis of non-habitual chewing of flavourless gum, and habitual chewing of peanuts and raisins, the group with DMD presented lower averages (p≤0.05). For the muscle thickness, the results showed that there was a lower muscle thickness in the group with DMD for all muscles during the rest and maximal voluntary contraction, except for masseter and sternocleidomastoid in the maximal voluntary contraction. In the maximal molar bite force, the group with DMD presented higher values for both sides than the comparison group (p≤0.05). INTERPRETATION: Patients with DMD show muscle changes related to the stomatognathic system, in their activity, bite force, and muscle thickness.

Caracterização dos acometimentos relacionados à morbimortalidade na esclerose sistêmica / Characterization of involvement related to morbidity and mortality in systemic sclerosis

Introdução: A esclerose sistêmica é uma doença difusa do tecido conectivo de natureza autoimune com etiologia desconhecida, caracterizada primariamente pelo aumento de deposição de colágeno na matriz extracelular. Objetivo: Caracterização dos acometimentos relacionados à morbimortalidade na esclerose sistêmica por meio da revisão de literatura. Métodos: Elaborado a partir de revisão literária de artigos publicados entre os anos de 1993 e 2013 indexados nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa, que utilizou como fonte de pesquisa as bases de dados Scielo, Bireme, Pedro e Pubmed nacionais e internacionais, por meio de método de mensuração baseada na quantidade de citações. Resultados: O estudo revelou como características da esclerose sistêmica, os seguintes acometimentos: fenômeno de Raynaud, úlceras cutâneas, complicações esofágicas, insuficiência renal, hipertensão pulmonar e doença intersticial pulmonar. O maior percentual (47,63%) de acometimento refere-se à doença intersticial pulmonar, acompanhada por um percentual (45,16%) atribuído aos episódios de fenômeno de Raynaud. Conclusão: Conclui-se, portanto, que, por meio da análise de citações dos acometimentos da esclerose sistêmica, o que prevalece principalmente são as manifestações pulmonares como causa importante de morbimortalidade neste tipo de paciente. (AU)

Introduction: Systemic sclerosis is a diffuse connective tissue disease of autoimmune unknown etiology, characterized primarily by increased collagen deposition in the extracellular matrix. Aim: Characterization of involvement related to morbidity and mortality in systemic sclerosis through literature review. Methods: Compiled from literature review of articles published between the years 1993 to 2013 indexed in Portuguese and English, which used as a research resource bases Scielo, Bireme, Pedro and Pubmed national and international data, using method based on the number of citations. Results: The study revealed as characteristics of systemic sclerosis, the following causes: Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal complications, skin ulcers, renal failure, pulmonary hypertension and interstitial lung disease. The highest percentage (47.63%) involvement refers to interstitial lung disease, accompanied by the percentage (45.16%) attributed to episodes of Raynaud's phenomenon. Conclusion: It is therefore concluded that, by making a citation analysis of Systemic Sclerosis occurrence, pulmonary manifestations prevails and are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in this patient. (AU)

The Effects of Acupuncture on Peripheral Facial Palsy Sequelae after 20 Years via Electromyography.

OBJECTIVE: This research used electromyography to evaluate the effects of acupuncture on facial palsy peripheral sequelae. METHODS: The 44-year-old woman who participated in this study presented sequelae resulting from 20 years of peripheral facial nerve palsy (FNP) on the right side and synkinesis in the left eye. In electromyography, the electrodes were positioned on the motor points over the orbicularis oris and the orbicularis oculi muscles to establish myofunctional feedback prior to and after rehabilitation, which consisted of 20-minute sessions of acupuncture once per week for 20 weeks: using manual stimulation at acupoints Yintang, LR3, GB21, CV17, ST2, ST3, ST6, ST7, GB2, and SI19; and Tou-Kuang-Min and ST4 using electrical stimulation with a 4-Hz pulsed current. The subjective pain intensities were recorded. RESULTS: The root-mean-square (RMS) electromyographic comparative analysis showed greater activation and recruitment of muscle fibers on the right side and a reduced overload on the left side, which promoted a functional evolution of movements and a positive response in the stomatognathic system. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture associated with electrical stimulation reversed the peripheral facial paralysis in a short time. Severe sequelae were minimized due to the balance of muscle activation in response to the electrical stimulation provided by the acupuncture needles.

Functional analysis of the stomatognathic system in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

PURPOSE: To understand the effects of HIV type 1 on the function of the masticatory muscles. METHODS: Sixty individuals were selected from both genders, aged between 22 and 57years (mean 36.77±9.33years), and divided into two groups: Group HIVG, 30 individuals with HIV subtype 1, and Group CG, 30 healthy individuals (control group). The individuals were submitted to assessments of their masticatory muscle activity, biting strength and thickness of the masticatory muscles by means of electromyography, maximal molar bite force and ultrasound imaging, respectively. The resultant data were statistically analyzed by t-tests (p<0.05). RESULTS: The HIVG normalized EMG data from a mandibular rest position, protrusion, right and left laterality movement of the jaw showed that HIVG presented a relative increase in EMG activity compared to the CG. The HIVG had a lower masticatory cycle ability while chewing Parafilm M®, Raisins and Peanuts when compared to CG. During rest conditions, the ultrasound images showed a greater average muscular thickness in the right and left temporal region compared to CG. Upon maximal voluntary contraction, an increased average thickness was seen in the temporalis muscles and left sternocleidomastoid muscle when compared to the CG. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome showed muscular changes related to the stomatognathic system, especially concerning EMG activity and muscle thickness.

Analysis of Endodontist Posture Utilizing Cinemetry, Surface Electromyography and Ergonomic Checklists

The postural risk factors for dentists include the ease of vision in the workplace, cold, vibration and mechanical pressure in tissues, incorrect posture, functional fixity, cognitive requirements and work-related organizational and psychosocial factors. The objective was to analyze the posture of endodontists at the workplace. Eighteen right-handed endodontists aged 25 to 60 years (34±3) participated in the study. Electromyography, kinemetry, ergonomic scales (RULA and Couto's checklist) and biophotogrammetry were used to analyze the posture of endodontists during root canal treatment of the maxillary right first and second molars using rotary and manual instrumentation. The variations observed in the electromyographic activities during the performance of rotary and manual techniques suggest that the fibers of the longissimus region, anterior and medium deltoid, medium trapezium, biceps, triceps brachii, brachioradialis and short thumb abductor muscles underwent adaptations to provide more accurate functional movements. Computerized kinemetry and biophotogrammetry showed that, as far as posture is concerned, rotary technique was more demanding than the manual technique. In conclusion, the group of endodontists evaluated in this study exhibited posture disorders regardless of whether the rotary or manual technique was used.

Os fatores de risco posturais para cirurgiões dentistas incluem o acesso a visão no local de trabalho, frio, vibração, pressão mecânica nos tecidos, postura incorreta, alterações funcionais, requisitos cognitivos e fatores organizacionais e psicossociais relacionados com o trabalho. O objetivo é analisar a postura dos endodontistas no local de trabalho. Participaram dezoito endodontistas destros com idades entre as idades de 25 e 60 anos (34±3). Nesta pesquisa foi utilizado a eletromiografia, cinemetria, escalas de ergonomia (do RULA e Couto checklist) e biofotogrametria para analisar a postura dos endodontistas durante o preparo químico-mecânico do sistema de canais radiculares para primeiros e segundos molares superiores direitos, utilizando a instrumentação rotatória e manual. As variações observadas nas atividades eletromiográficas durante a execução das técnicas rotatórias e manuais sugerem que as fibras da região dos músculos longuíssimo, deltóide anterior e médio, trapézio médio, bíceps, tríceps braquial, braquiorradial e músculos abdutores curtos do polegar passaram por adaptações para promover movimentos funcionais mais precisos. A cinemetria e biofotogrametria computadorizada mostraram que a técnica rotatória foi mais exigente da postura corporal do que a técnica manual. Em conclusão, os endodontistas estudados apresentaram distúrbios de postura, independentemente da técnica utilizada, rotatória ou manual.

Analysis of endodontist posture utilizing cinemetry, surface electromyography and ergonomic checklists.

The postural risk factors for dentists include the ease of vision in the workplace, cold, vibration and mechanical pressure in tissues, incorrect posture, functional fixity, cognitive requirements and work-related organizational and psychosocial factors. The objective was to analyze the posture of endodontists at the workplace. Eighteen right-handed endodontists aged 25 to 60 years (34±3) participated in the study. Electromyography, kinemetry, ergonomic scales (RULA and Couto's checklist) and biophotogrammetry were used to analyze the posture of endodontists during root canal treatment of the maxillary right first and second molars using rotary and manual instrumentation. The variations observed in the electromyographic activities during the performance of rotary and manual techniques suggest that the fibers of the longissimus region, anterior and medium deltoid, medium trapezium, biceps, triceps brachii, brachioradialis and short thumb abductor muscles underwent adaptations to provide more accurate functional movements. Computerized kinemetry and biophotogrammetry showed that, as far as posture is concerned, rotary technique was more demanding than the manual technique. In conclusion, the group of endodontists evaluated in this study exhibited posture disorders regardless of whether the rotary or manual technique was used.

Influência da posição do braço na relação EMG: força em músculos do braço / Influence of arm position EMG: force relatioship in arm muscles

A relação entre a amplitude do sinal eletromiográfico e a força muscular (EMC-força) tem sido tomada como medida indireta da força muscular. Este estudo, em 18 voluntárias e destras, visou avaliar a influência da posição do braço na relação EMG-força em músculos do braço em três tarefas...

The relationship between mioelectric signal amplitude and muscle strength (EMC-force) has been used as an indirect measure of muscle strength. The aim of this study, in 18 health, female, right-handed volunteers, was to assess the influence of arm position on the relationship EMG-force of arm position...